[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":77},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-501c2c15de8a60512d0":3,"recom-501c2c15de8a60512d0":22},{"summary":4,"updateTime":5,"title":6,"cateName":7,"content":8,"tags":9,"cover":10,"createTime":11,"cateId":12,"isTop":13,"nickname":14,"siteId":15,"id":16,"isPage":13,"slug":17,"views":18,"status":19,"uid":16,"coverImageUrl":20,"createDate":21,"cate":12,"keywords":9},"Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section-159 Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.",1776841290404,"Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section-159","Tutorials","\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"/uploads/2023/01/01-1-650x303.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14621\" width=\"839\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"uploads/2023/01/01-1-650x303.png 650w, uploads/2023/01/01-1-400x186.png 400w, uploads/2023/01/01-1-250x117.png 250w, uploads/2023/01/01-1-768x358.png 768w, uploads/2023/01/01-1-150x70.png 150w, uploads/2023/01/01-1-800x373.png 800w, uploads/2023/01/01-1.png 869w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 839px) 100vw, 839px\" />\u003C/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is blown?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>For a physical fuse, it refers to the process of blowing the fuse inside the chip with an externally increased current.If an E2PROM cell is used to indicate a fuse signal, fusing refers to a write operation to the cell.That is, when the unit is 1, the fuse is not blown, and when the unit is 0, the fuse is blown.There are usually two fuses in the chip, as described in Memory Area Allocation and Circuit Design Analysis.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What are the main uses of the power adjustment scheme?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The power adjustment scheme has two main uses.The first one is the idea of “Yuliu” power supply.The solution requires manufacturers such as data communications, telecommunications, mobile infrastructure, and server and storage area network equipment to test their systems at high voltages before being used by end users.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Briefly describe decision support issues based on perceptual information?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Decision support based on perceptual information involves using human senses, such as vision, hearing, and touch, to aid in the decision-making process. Perceptual information can be valuable in various domains, and some of the key decision support issues based on perceptual information include:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Medical Diagnostics\u003C/strong>: Using medical imaging technologies like X-rays, MRIs, and ultrasounds to assist healthcare professionals in diagnosing diseases and conditions accurately.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Security and Surveillance\u003C/strong>: Utilizing video and audio data from surveillance cameras to identify potential threats, detect anomalies, and enhance situational awareness in public spaces or critical infrastructure.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)\u003C/strong>: Designing interfaces that leverage users’ perceptual abilities, such as touchscreens, gesture recognition, and voice commands, to improve interaction and user experience.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Environmental Monitoring\u003C/strong>: Employing remote sensing and sensor technologies to collect perceptual data about the environment, which aids in managing natural resources, detecting pollution, and monitoring climate changes.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Quality Control and Manufacturing\u003C/strong>: Using computer vision and sensory technologies to inspect products on assembly lines for defects, ensuring quality and consistency.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Navigation and Robotics\u003C/strong>: Integrating perceptual information from cameras and sensors in autonomous vehicles and robots to make decisions related to navigation, obstacle avoidance, and object recognition.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sports Analytics\u003C/strong>: Applying video analysis and sensor data to evaluate player performance, track movements, and make strategic decisions in sports.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In all these areas, decision support based on perceptual information relies on advanced technologies like computer vision, machine learning, pattern recognition, and data analytics to process and interpret the sensory data, assisting decision-makers in making more informed choices.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What functions can a more complete car Bluetooth network achieve?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>A more complete car Bluetooth network can achieve a wide range of functions that enhance connectivity, convenience, and safety for the driver and passengers. Here are some of the key functions:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Hands-free Calling\u003C/strong>: A primary function of a car Bluetooth network is to enable hands-free calling. Drivers can make and receive phone calls using voice commands or steering wheel controls, keeping their hands on the wheel and eyes on the road.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Wireless Audio Streaming\u003C/strong>: Users can stream music, podcasts, and other audio content from their smartphones or other Bluetooth-enabled devices directly to the car’s audio system, eliminating the need for physical connections.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Phonebook Synchronization\u003C/strong>: The car’s Bluetooth system can sync with the user’s phonebook, allowing them to access contacts and make calls without manually entering numbers.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Text Message Readout\u003C/strong>: Some car Bluetooth systems can read incoming text messages aloud, providing a safer way for drivers to stay informed without looking at their phones.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Voice Commands and Virtual Assistants\u003C/strong>: Many Bluetooth-enabled car systems support voice commands, allowing users to control various functions, make calls, and access information using virtual assistants like Siri or Google Assistant.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Navigation and GPS Integration\u003C/strong>: The car Bluetooth network can integrate with navigation apps on the user’s smartphone, providing turn-by-turn directions and real-time traffic updates.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Emergency Assistance\u003C/strong>: In case of an accident, some Bluetooth systems can automatically place emergency calls or send notifications to emergency services, providing critical assistance.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Music Control\u003C/strong>: Drivers can control audio playback, adjust volume, and switch tracks using steering wheel controls or voice commands.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Battery Charging and Power Management\u003C/strong>: Some car Bluetooth systems can charge the user’s phone wirelessly or via USB, as well as manage power consumption to avoid draining the car battery.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Bluetooth Key\u003C/strong>: Advanced car Bluetooth systems can serve as a virtual key, allowing users to unlock and start their vehicles using their smartphones.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Diagnostic and Maintenance Information\u003C/strong>: Some systems can communicate with the car’s onboard diagnostics, providing real-time information about vehicle health, maintenance reminders, and potential issues.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Multi-device Connectivity\u003C/strong>: Modern car Bluetooth networks can connect with multiple devices simultaneously, allowing passengers to enjoy their own music or media.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>It’s worth noting that the specific functions and features of a car Bluetooth network may vary depending on the make and model of the vehicle and the capabilities of the Bluetooth system installed. As technology continues to evolve, car manufacturers may introduce new features and improvements to enhance the overall driving experience.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the working principle of the laser sensor?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The working principle of a laser sensor is based on the emission and detection of laser light. A laser sensor typically consists of a laser diode, an optical system, and a photodetector. The basic operation involves the following steps:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Laser Emission\u003C/strong>: The laser sensor begins by generating a focused and coherent beam of light using a laser diode. The light emitted is usually monochromatic (single wavelength) and collimated (narrowly focused).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Target Interaction\u003C/strong>: The emitted laser light is directed towards the target or object of interest. When the laser light interacts with the surface of the target, it can be absorbed, reflected, scattered, or transmitted, depending on the properties of the target material and its surface characteristics.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Reflection or Scattering\u003C/strong>: If the target surface is not completely transparent, part of the laser light will be reflected or scattered back towards the sensor.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Receiving the Reflected Light\u003C/strong>: The reflected or scattered light is collected by the sensor’s optical system, which includes lenses or mirrors that focus the light onto a photodetector.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Photodetection\u003C/strong>: The photodetector, which is sensitive to the wavelength of the laser light, converts the optical signal (light) into an electrical signal (current or voltage) proportional to the intensity of the received light.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Signal Processing\u003C/strong>: The electrical signal from the photodetector is processed by the sensor’s electronics to convert it into useful information, such as distance, position, speed, or the presence of objects.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Output\u003C/strong>: The processed information is then made available as an output, which can be displayed on a screen, used to control a system, or fed into a computer for further analysis or decision-making.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The key advantage of laser sensors is their ability to provide accurate and precise measurements over longer distances compared to other sensors like infrared or ultrasonic sensors. They find applications in various fields, including industrial automation, robotics, distance measurements, object detection, and 3D scanning, among others. Additionally, different types of laser sensors, such as time-of-flight (TOF) sensors and triangulation sensors, may have variations in their working principles, but they all rely on the fundamental laser emission and detection principles to gather information from the target objects.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the front-to-back ratio in the pattern?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In the context of antenna patterns, the front-to-back ratio (F/B ratio) is a measure of the directivity or directional sensitivity of an antenna. It quantifies the ratio of the antenna’s radiation intensity in the forward direction (main lobe) to that in the backward direction (back lobe).\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In a directional antenna, the main lobe is the primary direction in which the antenna radiates or receives signals, and it is typically the desired direction for communication. On the other hand, the back lobe represents the radiation or sensitivity in the opposite direction, which is generally undesirable as it can lead to interference or reduced performance.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The front-to-back ratio is expressed in decibels (dB) and is usually specified as a positive value. A higher front-to-back ratio indicates that the antenna is more directional, with better isolation between the main lobe and the back lobe.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>For example, if an antenna has a front-to-back ratio of 20 dB, it means that the radiation intensity in the main lobe is 100 times (10^(20/10)) stronger than the radiation intensity in the back lobe. A higher front-to-back ratio is desirable in many applications to minimize interference and increase the antenna’s directivity, which helps in focusing the antenna’s energy in the desired direction for improved signal reception or transmission.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>How to design the hardware system of digital control system?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Designing the hardware system of a digital control system involves selecting and integrating various components to create a reliable and efficient system. Here are the general steps to guide you through the process:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Define System Requirements\u003C/strong>: Start by clearly defining the requirements of your digital control system. Understand the nature of the control task, the desired performance, input/output requirements, and any specific constraints.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Select Microcontroller or Processor\u003C/strong>: Choose a microcontroller or digital signal processor (DSP) that meets the processing power and I/O requirements of your control algorithm. Consider factors such as clock speed, memory, and peripherals like ADCs, DACs, PWM controllers, and communication interfaces (e.g., UART, SPI, I2C).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Sensors and Actuators\u003C/strong>: Identify the sensors and actuators needed to measure and control the system. Examples include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, encoders, motors, and valves. Ensure compatibility with the microcontroller and choose sensors with appropriate accuracy and response characteristics.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC)\u003C/strong>: If your system involves analog signals (e.g., from sensors), you’ll need ADCs to convert these analog signals into digital values that the microcontroller can process.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Digital-to-Analog Conversion (DAC)\u003C/strong>: If your control system requires analog output signals (e.g., to control actuators), you’ll need DACs to convert digital control signals into analog voltages or currents.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Power Supply and Regulation\u003C/strong>: Design a stable and reliable power supply for your hardware system. Include voltage regulators and filtering to provide clean power to the components.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Communication Interfaces\u003C/strong>: If your control system needs to communicate with external devices or other systems, consider integrating relevant communication interfaces like UART, SPI, I2C, Ethernet, or CAN.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>PCB Design\u003C/strong>: Create a printed circuit board (PCB) layout that incorporates all the components and connections while considering signal integrity, noise reduction, and thermal considerations.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Protection and Safety\u003C/strong>: Implement appropriate protection measures for the hardware, such as overvoltage protection, overcurrent protection, and EMI/EMC considerations.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Programming and Firmware\u003C/strong>: Develop or write the control algorithm and related firmware for the microcontroller. Test and debug the code to ensure proper functionality and stability.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Prototype and Testing\u003C/strong>: Build a prototype of the hardware system and perform thorough testing to verify its performance against the defined requirements. Make necessary adjustments and optimizations.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Manufacturing and Production\u003C/strong>: Once the prototype is successfully tested, prepare for mass production by creating a production-ready version of the hardware system.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Documentation\u003C/strong>: Create comprehensive documentation for the hardware system, including schematics, PCB layouts, bill of materials (BOM), and user manuals.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Lifecycle Support\u003C/strong>: Consider the maintenance and support requirements for the hardware system, including firmware updates, component availability, and potential future enhancements.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Keep in mind that designing a digital control system hardware involves a multidisciplinary approach, including electronics, control theory, and software development. It is essential to have a good understanding of the application and the specific requirements to create an effective and reliable digital control system.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is an organic light emitting diode?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>An Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) is a type of display technology that uses organic compounds to emit light when an electric current is applied. OLEDs are a subset of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) but differ significantly in their working principle and construction.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The basic structure of an OLED consists of several organic layers sandwiched between two electrodes, namely the anode and cathode. The organic layers are made of organic compounds, which are carbon-based materials that can emit light when excited by an electric current.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>When a voltage is applied across the OLED, electrons from the cathode and holes (positive charge carriers) from the anode move into the organic layers. As electrons and holes combine within these layers, they form an excited state called an exciton. This exciton subsequently relaxes to a lower energy level, releasing energy in the form of light. The color of light emitted by an OLED is determined by the specific organic compounds used in the emissive layers.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>OLEDs have several advantages over traditional display technologies, such as Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs):\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Thin and Flexible\u003C/strong>: OLED displays can be made very thin and flexible, allowing for new design possibilities and applications in curved displays, rollable screens, and wearable devices.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>High Contrast and Wide Viewing Angles\u003C/strong>: OLEDs offer excellent contrast ratios and wide viewing angles, providing vibrant and vivid images from various viewing positions.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Energy-Efficient\u003C/strong>: OLEDs are energy-efficient because they only emit light when needed, unlike LCDs that require a backlight to be constantly on.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Fast Response Time\u003C/strong>: OLEDs have fast response times, making them suitable for high-speed applications like gaming and virtual reality.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Wide Color Gamut\u003C/strong>: OLED displays can achieve a wide color gamut, reproducing rich and accurate colors.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>OLED technology is commonly used in various display applications, including smartphones, tablets, televisions, computer monitors, and automotive displays. As the technology continues to advance, OLED displays are becoming more prevalent and are expected to play a significant role in the future of visual display technologies.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What are the high power LED constant current drive circuits?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>High power LED constant current drive circuits are electronic circuits designed to deliver a stable and regulated current to high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs). These circuits are essential for driving high-power LEDs safely and efficiently, preventing them from being damaged due to overcurrent or voltage fluctuations. There are several types of high power LED constant current drive circuits, and some common ones include:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Resistor-Based Current Limiting Circuit\u003C/strong>: This is the simplest form of a constant current drive circuit. It uses a series resistor to limit the current flowing through the LED. However, it is not very efficient and is more suitable for low-power LEDs.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Transistor-Based Constant Current Source\u003C/strong>: This circuit employs a transistor (often a bipolar junction transistor, BJT, or a field-effect transistor, FET) to act as a constant current source for the LED. The transistor regulates the current by adjusting its resistance in response to changes in voltage or temperature.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Linear Current Regulator\u003C/strong>: A linear current regulator uses a voltage regulator IC, such as LM317, to provide a constant current to the LED. The voltage regulator monitors the voltage drop across a current-sensing resistor and adjusts its output voltage to maintain a constant current.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Switched-Mode Constant Current Driver\u003C/strong>: This type of circuit uses a switching regulator to efficiently regulate the current to the LED. It modulates the duty cycle of the switch to regulate the average current flowing through the LED. Switched-mode drivers are more efficient than linear regulators, making them ideal for high-power LED applications.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Driver\u003C/strong>: PWM drivers rapidly switch the LED on and off at a high frequency. The duty cycle of the PWM signal determines the average current supplied to the LED. This method is commonly used in LED dimming applications.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Digital Current Control Driver\u003C/strong>: These drivers use digital control techniques to precisely regulate the LED’s current. They often employ microcontrollers or digital signal processors (DSPs) to monitor and adjust the current based on feedback from current-sensing components.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>High power LED constant current drive circuits should include protection features like overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, and thermal management to ensure the LED’s safe operation. The choice of the circuit depends on the specific application, power requirements, and desired level of efficiency and precision. When designing or using high-power LED drivers, it is crucial to follow the manufacturer’s guidelines and specifications to ensure optimal performance and reliability of the LED.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is critical mode work?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The critical mode is a variable-current current-type switching circuit. The external N-channel MOSFET is turned on, and the inductor current increases until the VC terminal control current limit is reached. After the external MOSFET is turned off, the voltage on the drain of the MOSFET rises to the output voltage multiplied byWhen the transformer has one or two turns ratio plus the input voltage.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","Electronic","uploads/2023/01/01-1-650x303.png",1776793311000,"20db6653d7e85fded62",0,"Admin","2028706543895019522","501c2c15de8a60512d0","ten-daily-electronic-common-sense-section-158",215,1,"/uploads/2023/01/01-1-650x303.png","Apr 22, 2026",[23,33,42,50,60,69],{"id":24,"title":25,"summary":26,"content":27,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":29,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":30,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":32,"siteId":15},"c047d1a580d380475ed","What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications?","What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications?\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">● CodeComposerStudi0 integrated development environment IDE – c / c compiler A code generation tool An assembler / linker One cycle accurate simulator \u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">● Application algorithm · \u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">",null,238,"2026-04-22 01:44:14","2026-04-22 14:58:27","what-are-the-development-tools-for-supporting-2802x-based-applications",{"id":34,"title":35,"summary":36,"content":37,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":38,"views":39,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":40,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":41,"siteId":15},"6d16643f4061eb43174","What is the thermocouple sensor made of?","What is the thermocouple sensor made of? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">What is the thermocouple sensor made of?\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: trebuchet-ms;\">A thermocouple sensor is a thermal sensor that uses thermoelectric phenomena.\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003C/span>\u003C/p>","sensor",229,"2026-04-22 01:43:58","what-is-the-thermocouple-sensor-made-of",{"id":43,"title":44,"summary":45,"content":46,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":47,"views":48,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":40,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":49,"siteId":15},"61750966158705a45ac","What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes?","What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes?\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">Data acquisition of analog input and digital input through C language, that is, collecting parameters from electrical equipment in power grid and substation, and classifying data to master the operation status of the substation and the status of electrical equipment in the station;The command, the jump switch, to achieve the purpose of monitoring and control.\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","design,terminal",224,"what-is-the-goal-of-software-design-for-terminal-nodes",{"id":51,"title":52,"summary":53,"content":54,"cover":55,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":56,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":57,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":58,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":59,"siteId":15},"a39a5d8553e41a5005a","Template Analysis Method For EMC Problems","Template Analysis Method For EMC Problems Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"198\">\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_5001\" style=\"width: 265px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5001\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5001\" src=\"uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"255\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg 400w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-250x140.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-150x84.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-5001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The form of electromagnetic interference\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"425\">\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_5004\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5004\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5004\" src=\"uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x182.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x182.jpg 400w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-250x114.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-150x68.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference.jpg 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-5004\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The main form of electromagnetic interference\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The electromagnetic interference problem is a key issue in any hardware design field. It is especially important to understand the initial dry electromagnetic interference problem to solve this problem.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>The electromagnetic interference model has three basic elements:\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is electromagnetic interference energy.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is a device that is subject to electromagnetic interference.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is a coupling channel to transmit electromagnetic energy between the interfered and interfered devices.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Electromagnetic interference only occurs when these three basic elements are met at the same time. EMC engineers should determine the EMC design content and design direction based on the physical structure.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The EMC analysis template is determined by the electrical length of the structure. Converting the physical dimensions of the device structure to electrical length is the starting point for design and problem finding. The combination and connection of templates constitute a model for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility problems. The template analysis method is to select the appropriate template and electromagnetic logic connection according to the actual problem and structure to form a dynamic process of complete electromagnetic interference phenomenon.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The EMC design of printed circuit boards is the cheapest and most effective way to eliminate the main sources of RF interference. When the interference source on the printed circuit board and the victim device exist in the same small space, the engineer must control the electromagnetic energy generated. This means that electromagnetic energy is only present at the required assembly parts. This is the method of removing EMC problems, electromagnetic suppression or electromagnetic cancellation.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg",498,"2026-04-22 01:43:54","2026-04-22 14:58:28","template-analysis-method-for-emc-problems",{"id":61,"title":62,"summary":63,"content":64,"cover":65,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":66,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":67,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":58,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":68,"siteId":15},"86325bcdfe62f25cc0b","Judgment Method of Three Types of Amplifiers","Judgment Method of Three Types of Amplifiers Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Triode based audio and electronic amplifiers are very commonly found in many walks of life. Although, the transistor based amplifiers created the danger of obsolescence of tube amplifiers, the tube amplifiers have succeeded in maintaining a cult following amongst the audiophiles. The main reason behind this is the warm and crunchy sound response of tube amplifiers.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The main component in tube amplifiers is the triode. Triode is essentially an amplifying vacuum tube which consists of three electrodes inside a glass casing. The electrodes are known as anode, cathode, and grid respectively. Triodes were widely used in all types of electronic circuits until they got replaced by transistors. [\u003Ca href=\"#Lee19\">1\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">According to the electronic circuit configuration, there are three main types of amplifiers. These types include common emitter, common collector, and common base amplifiers. Following sub-sections provide an ample discussion on these amplifier types.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n\u003Cdiv class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n\u003Cp class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\">\u003Ca href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\">\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\">\u003Cspan class=\"\">\u003Cspan class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\">\u003Csvg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\">\u003C/path>\u003C/svg>\u003Csvg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\">\u003Cpath d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"/>\u003C/svg>\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cnav>\u003Cul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' >\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#Common_Emitter_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Emitter Amplifier\">Common Emitter Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#Common_Collector_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Collector Amplifier\">Common Collector Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#Common_Base_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Base Amplifier\">Common Base Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#Works_Cited\" title=\"Works Cited\">Works Cited\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003C/nav>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Emitter_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Emitter Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common emitter amplifiers are the most widely used type of amplifiers. Common emitter amplifiers can be identified easily by the grounded emitter terminal. Like all other amplifiers, the CE amplifier also operates on an AC input. The common emitter amplifier is a single-stage amplifier which uses a BJT transistor or a triode as an amplifying element. The circuit of common emitter amplifier is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4685\" style=\"width: 670px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4685\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4685\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg 387w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit-250x194.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit-150x116.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4685\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 1: Common Emitter Amplifier Circuit\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider circuit which is used for biasing the transistor. The resistor R\u003Csub>E \u003C/sub>provides thermal stability to the amplifier. A coupling capacitor is present on the input side of the transistor which filters out DC component from the signal. [\u003Ca href=\"#Tar19\">2\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Major advantages of common emitter amplifier include low input impedance, high output impedance, high power gain, low noise, and high current gain. Main disadvantages of common emitter amplifier include unsuitability for high frequencies, unstable voltage gain, high thermal instability, and high output resistance. The CE amplifiers find their applications in low frequency voltage amplifiers, RF circuits, and low noise amplifiers. [\u003Ca href=\"#Tar19\">2\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Collector_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Collector Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The common collector amplifier can be identified from the grounded collector terminal of the triode or the transistor. The common collector amplifiers are mostly used as buffers in multi-stage amplifier circuits. The CC amplifier circuit is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4686\" style=\"width: 633px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4686\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4686\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit.jpg 329w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit-250x204.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit-150x123.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4686\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 2 Common Collector Amplifier or Emitter Follower Circuit\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\"> \u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-collector-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-collector-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The input signal is introduced via the base of the triode whereas the output is taken from the emitter terminal. The main advantages of CC amplifier include high current gain, high input resistance, and low output resistance. The disadvantages of CC amplifier include low voltage gain. The CC amplifiers find their applications as impedance matching amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, and buffer amplifiers in cascade or multi-stage amplifier systems. [\u003Ca href=\"#Dav19\">3\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Base_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Base Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The common base amplifier configuration is not as widely used as the CE and CC amplifiers. They are mostly used in high frequency circuits. In a common base amplifier the base terminal of the triode is connected to the ground, the input signal is applied to the emitter, and the output is taken from the collector terminal. The circuit diagram of the CB amplifier is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4687\" style=\"width: 688px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4687\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4687\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor.png 194w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor-150x185.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4687\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 3 Common Base Amplifier using an NPN Transistor\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/common-base-amplifier.html\">https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/common-base-amplifier.html\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The CB amplifiers are used in high frequency circuits where low input impedance is required. They are used in applications such as moving coil microphone pre-amplifiers, UHF, VHF, and RF amplifiers. The advantages of CB amplifier include decent voltage gain and current buffering capability. The disadvantages include need for dual power supply, low input impedance, low current gain, and high output impedance. [\u003Ca href=\"#www19\">4\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Works_Cited\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Works Cited\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Ctable width=\"630\">\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[1]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Lee Forest. (2019, August) www.allaboutcircuits.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-13/the-triode/\">https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-13/the-triode/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[2]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Tarun Agarwal. (2019, June) www.elprocus.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[3]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Dave Moldenhauer. (2019, March) www.watelectrical.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.watelectrical.com/working-and-applications-of-common-collector-amplifier/\">https://www.watelectrical.com/working-and-applications-of-common-collector-amplifier/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[4]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">(2019, August) www.electronics-notes.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/transistor/transistor-common-base-circuit.php\">https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/transistor/transistor-common-base-circuit.php\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg",56,"2026-04-22 01:43:51","judgment-method-of-three-types-of-amplifiers",{"id":70,"title":71,"summary":72,"content":73,"cover":74,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":75,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":67,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":76,"siteId":15},"4e90914c43b2a6a4366","Precautions for using MOS (Metal-Oxide-Silicon transistor) tubes","Precautions for using MOS (Metal-Oxide-Silicon transistor) tubes Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4675\" style=\"width: 388px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4675\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4675\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg 225w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-150x150.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-24x24.jpg 24w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-48x48.jpg 48w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4675\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS tube\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">A MOS transistor (also known as metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) is electrically conductive by a majority of carriers’ and it is a voltage controlled electrical device. It is also called a unipolar transistor. It has three main terminals; Gate (G), Drain (D) and Source (S). The Gate voltage determines the conductivity of the device and with change of applied voltage; the MOS transistor can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Its characteristics are; high input resistance (10^7~10^12Ω), low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, easy integration, no secondary breakdown, wide safe working area, source and drain can be interchanged, it is voltage controlled device and conduction takes place through majority carriers (n-channel: electrons and p-channel: holes).\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">All MOS integrated circuits (including P-channel MOS, N-channel MOS, complementary MOS-CMOS integrated circuits) have an insulated gate to prevent voltage breakdown. Generally, the thickness of insulating Gate oxide layer of MOS transistor is 5 – 200 nm (about 25 nm, 50 nm, and 80 nm). In addition to the high-impedance gate of the integrated circuit, there is a resistor-diode network for protection. However, MOS devices are sensitive to voltage spikes and static electricity discharges and this can cause difficulties when we have to replace MOS devices especially complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Therefore, the protection network inside the device is not enough to avoid electrostatic damage (ESD) to the device. To minimize chances of damaging MOS devices during handling, special procedures have been developed to protect them from static shock. ICs are generally shipped and stored in special conductive-plastic tubes or trays. MOS devices safety is ensured by inserting ICs leas into aluminium foil or antistatic (conductive) foam – not Styrofoam. PC boards containing static sensitive devices are normally shipped in special antistatic bags, which are good for storing ICs and other computer components that could be damaged by ESD.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Experiments indicate that MOS device will fail during high-voltage discharge. The device may also fail for accumulation of multiple lower voltage discharges. According to the severity of the damage, there are many forms of electrostatic damage. The most serious and most likely to occur is the complete destruction of the input or output so as to be short-circuited or open to the power supply terminal VDD, and MOS device completely loses its original function. A little bit of serious damage is intermittent failure or degradation of performance, which is even more difficult to detect. There is also some electrostatic damage that can cause the device performance to deteriorate due to increased leakage current.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>MOS tube definition\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS tube is a MOS transistor or a metal-insulator-semiconductor. The source (S) and drain (D) of MOS tube can be reversed. They are all N-type regions formed in the P-type backgate. And in most cases, the two zones are same even if two ends are reversed. And it will not affect performance of the device. Such devices are considered to be symmetrical. MOS tube is a voltage-driven high-current type device, which is widely used in circuits, especially power systems. MOS tubes have some characteristics that should be paid special attention in practical applications.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS devices have body diodes formed by pn junction between source (S) and drain (D), and also known as parasitic diodes or an internal diode, are found in a single MOS device between the drain and the source. They are not used in integrated circuit lithography (standard method of printed circuit board (PCB), and microprocessor fabrication). This diode can provide reverse protection and freewheeling during high current drive and inductive loads. The forward voltage drop is about 0.7~1V. Because of this diode, the MOS device can’t simply see the function of a switch in the circuit. For example, in the charging circuit, after the charging is completed, the battery will reverse when the supply power is removed; this is usually the result we do not want to see. The general solution is to add a diode to prevent reverse power supply. This can be done, but the characteristics of the diode must have a forward voltage of 0.6~1V. Down, in the case of high currents, the heat is severe, and at the same time, the energy is wasted, and the energy efficiency of the whole machine is low. Another method is to add a back-to-back MOS tube and use the low on-resistance of the MOS tube to achieve energy saving. Another common application of this characteristic is low-voltage synchronous rectification. In practice, the body diode is a result of manufacturing process, and it is in between the source and drain and on an n-channel device, if the drains fall below voltage on the source, current will flow from source to drain.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>Precautions\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">After the MOS tube is turned on, it has no directionality and in this state of operation, it behaves like a wire. It has a resistance characteristic only and there is no conduction voltage drop in this case. Usually, the saturation level on resistance is several to several tens of milliohms (mΩ). MOS tube is also non-directional therefore allowing both DC and AC currents to pass through.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>Precautions for using MOS tubes\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In order to safely use the MOS tube, the limit value of the dissipated power of the tube, the maximum drain-source voltage, the maximum gate-source voltage, and the maximum current set values cannot be exceeded in the manufacturing design.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When using various types of MOS tubes, they must be connected to the circuit in strict accordance with the required bias, and the polarity of the MOS tube bias should be observed. For example, the junction between the source and drain of the junction MOS transistor is a PN junction, the gate of the N-channel transistor can be positively biased; the gate of the P-channel transistor can be negatively biased.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Since the input impedance of the MOS tube is extremely high, the lead pin must be short-circuited during transportation and storage, and the metal shield package should be used to prevent the external induced potential from penetrating the gate. In particular, it is important to note that the MOS tube cannot be placed in a plastic box. It should be placed in a metal box e.g aluminium foil when it is stored, and the tube should be protected from moisture.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In order to prevent the gate breakdown of the MOS tube, all test instruments, worktables, soldering irons, and the circuit itself must be well grounded; when the pins are soldered, the source is soldered first; before being connected to the circuit, All the lead ends of MOS tube are kept short-circuited with each other, and the short-circuit material is removed after soldering; when removing MOS tube from the component holder, the grounding of the human body should be adhered to. The advanced gas-fired electric soldering iron is convenient for soldering MOS tubes and ensures safety. When the power is not turned off, it is absolutely impossible to insert or remove the tubes from the circuit. The above safety measures must be taken care of when using MOS tubes.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When installing the MOS tube, pay attention to the location of the installation to avoid heating elements; to prevent the vibration of MOS tube, it is necessary to fasten MOS tube; when the lead is bent, it should be larger than the root size of 5 mm. Therefore it is important to prevent bending of the pins and causing air leaks.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When using a VMOS tube, a suitable heat sink must be added. Taking VNF306 as an example, the maximum power can reach 30W after it is equipped with a 140×140×4 (mm) heat sink.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">After the multiple MOS tubes are connected in parallel, the high-frequency characteristics of the amplifier are deteriorated due to the corresponding increase in the inter-electrode capacitance and the distributed capacitance and high-frequency parasitic oscillation of the amplifier is easily caused by the feedback. For this reason, the parallel composite MOS tubes generally do not exceed four, and the anti-parasitic oscillation resistors are connected in series to the base or the gate of each tube.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The gate-source voltage of the junction MOS transistor cannot be reversed and can be saved in the open state. When the insulated gate MOS transistor is not used, the electrodes must be short-circuited since its input resistance is very high, so as to avoid an external electric field. The MOS tube is damaged by such action.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When soldering, the soldering iron shell must be equipped with an external grounding wire to prevent damage to MOS tube due to electrification of the soldering iron. For a small amount of soldering, you can also solder the soldering iron after removing the plug or cutting off the power. Especially when soldering insulated gate MOS transistors, they should be soldered in the order of source-drain-gate, and the power should be cut off.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When soldering with 25W soldering iron, it should be fast. If soldering with 45~75W soldering iron, use the tweezers to clamp the root of the pin to help dissipate heat. The junction MOS tube can qualitatively check the quality of the MOS tube by using the table resistance file (check the resistance between the forward and reverse resistance of each PN junction and the drain source), and the insulated gate field effect tube cannot be inspected with a multimeter, and the tester must be used. Moreover, the short-circuit line of each electrode can be removed after the tester is connected. When it is removed, it should be short-circuited and then removed. The key is to avoid the gate hanging.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When input impedance is a factor to consider during design process, it is necessary to take moisture-proof measures to avoid lowering the input resistance of the MOS tube due to temperature influence. If a four-lead MOS transistor is used, its substrate leads should be grounded. The ceramic packaged of the MOS tube has photosensitive properties and should be protected from light.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">For power MOS tubes, there must be good heat dissipation conditions. Because the power MOS tube is used under high load conditions, it is necessary to design a sufficient heat sink to ensure that the temperature of MOS tube casing does not exceed the rated value, so that the MOS device can work stably and reliably for a long time.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In short, to ensure use of MOS tubes safely, there are many precautions to be adhered to, and the safety measures adopted are various. The vast number of professional and technical personnel required, especially the vast number of electronic enthusiasts, must proceed according to their actual conditions. Take practical measures to use MOS tubes safely and effectively.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg",146,"precautions-for-using-mos-metal-oxide-silicon-transistor-tubes",1776841284079]