[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":77},["ShallowReactive",2],{"post-b787742f3ebc612c588":3,"recom-b787742f3ebc612c588":22},{"summary":4,"updateTime":5,"title":6,"cateName":7,"content":8,"tags":9,"cover":10,"createTime":11,"cateId":12,"isTop":13,"nickname":14,"siteId":15,"id":16,"isPage":13,"slug":17,"views":18,"status":19,"uid":16,"coverImageUrl":20,"createDate":21,"cate":12,"keywords":9},"Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section-170 Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.",1776841319754,"Ten Daily Electronic Common Sense-Section-170","Tutorials","\u003Cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"/uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-650x303.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14753\" width=\"838\" height=\"391\" srcset=\"uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-650x303.jpg 650w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-400x186.jpg 400w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-250x117.jpg 250w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-768x358.jpg 768w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-150x70.jpg 150w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-800x373.jpg 800w, uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208.jpg 869w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" />\u003C/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What are the basic components of a differential transformer?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>A differential transformer, also known as a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), is a type of sensor used to measure linear displacement or position. It operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction and consists of several essential components that enable its function. The main components of a differential transformer are:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Primary Coil:\u003C/strong> The primary coil is the input coil through which an alternating current (AC) is passed. When AC current flows through the primary coil, it generates a varying magnetic field around it.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Secondary Coils:\u003C/strong> There are two secondary coils wound symmetrically around the primary coil. These secondary coils are connected in series-opposing configuration. The changing magnetic field induced by the primary coil’s current induces voltages in the secondary coils.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Core Assembly:\u003C/strong> The core assembly consists of a magnetic core that can move linearly within the assembly. This core is often connected to the object whose displacement or position is being measured. The core’s movement within the coil assembly affects the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Housing:\u003C/strong> The primary and secondary coils, as well as the core assembly, are enclosed within a housing that provides protection from environmental factors and mechanical damage.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Signal Conditioning Circuitry:\u003C/strong> The output voltage from the secondary coils is usually very small and needs to be amplified and conditioned for accurate measurement. Signal conditioning circuitry, including amplifiers and filters, is used to process and improve the quality of the output signal.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Output Terminals:\u003C/strong> The output terminals of the secondary coils are connected to the signal conditioning circuitry. The voltage difference between the two secondary coils is measured to determine the displacement or position.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In operation, when the core moves within the coil assembly due to linear displacement, it changes the magnetic coupling between the primary and secondary coils. This change in magnetic coupling induces different voltages in the secondary coils, resulting in a differential voltage output that corresponds to the object’s displacement. This differential output voltage is processed by the signal conditioning circuitry to provide accurate displacement or position measurement.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Differential transformers are commonly used in applications where precise linear position sensing is required, such as industrial automation, robotics, aerospace, and more. Their reliability, accuracy, and durability make them suitable for various challenging environments and measurement scenarios.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>A part that is applicable to both a contact IC card and a non-contact IC card：\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>One component that is applicable to both contact and non-contact IC cards is the integrated circuit chip (IC chip). The IC chip is the core component of the card’s functionality, containing the microprocessor and memory necessary to process data and perform various functions. The IC chip is responsible for storing and processing information, executing security protocols, and enabling communication between the card and external devices.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In contact IC cards, the IC chip is embedded within the card’s physical body and is connected to the card’s contacts, which are typically exposed on the surface of the card. When the card is inserted into a card reader or terminal, the contacts establish an electrical connection with the reader, allowing data exchange.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In non-contact IC cards, also known as RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) cards, the IC chip is typically integrated into the card’s structure and connected to an antenna. The chip and antenna together form a passive or active RF communication system that enables wireless communication between the card and a reader or terminal. When the card is brought close to the reader, electromagnetic energy from the reader powers the chip, allowing it to transmit data back to the reader using radio waves.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The IC chip in both contact and non-contact IC cards can store various types of information, such as user data, authentication keys, account information, and more. It plays a pivotal role in ensuring the functionality, security, and integrity of the card’s operations, regardless of whether it is used in a contact or non-contact mode.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the role of the rectifier?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, into direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process of converting AC to DC is called rectification. Rectifiers play a crucial role in various electronic and electrical applications. Here’s a breakdown of the role of a rectifier:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Power Supply Conversion:\u003C/strong> Most of the electronic devices we use, such as computers, smartphones, and televisions, operate on DC. However, the electricity supplied to homes and industries is AC. Power adapters and chargers for these devices have built-in rectifiers that convert the AC from the mains into the DC required by the electronic device.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Battery Charging:\u003C/strong> When charging batteries, a DC current is required. In battery chargers, rectifiers help convert the AC supply into DC to facilitate this charging process.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Welding:\u003C/strong> In electric welding machines, rectifiers convert AC power from the mains to DC, as most welding processes require direct current due to its steady nature and better heat control.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Electroplating:\u003C/strong> The electroplating process, which deposits one metal onto another by using an electric current, requires a DC supply. Rectifiers are used to provide this direct current.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Signal Demodulation:\u003C/strong> In old analog radio receivers, rectifiers (often in the form of diodes) were used to demodulate amplitude-modulated (AM) signals to extract the original audio signal.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Voltage Multipliers:\u003C/strong> Rectifiers, in combination with capacitors, can be used to create voltage multipliers that produce higher DC voltages than the peak input AC voltage.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Conversion for HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current):\u003C/strong> For long-distance power transmission, HVDC systems are used because they have lower losses compared to AC transmission. Rectifiers are used to convert high-voltage AC to DC at the transmitting end, and inverters (which can be thought of as the opposite of rectifiers) are used to convert it back to AC at the receiving end.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Rectifiers can be of different types based on their construction and output characteristics:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Half-Wave Rectifier:\u003C/strong> Uses a single diode and rectifies only half of the AC waveform.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Full-Wave Rectifier:\u003C/strong> Uses two diodes in a center-tapped transformer setup or four diodes in a bridge configuration to rectify the entire AC waveform.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Bridge Rectifier:\u003C/strong> Uses four diodes in a specific configuration to achieve full-wave rectification without the need for a center-tapped transformer.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In summary, the primary role of a rectifier is to convert AC into DC to cater to various electrical and electronic applications where a steady and unidirectional voltage and current are required.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is superframe routing?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>“Superframe routing” doesn’t appear to be a standard or widely recognized term in the context of networking or technology. It’s possible that there might be a misunderstanding or confusion with the terminology.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>If you’re referring to routing concepts in networking, here are a few relevant terms that might be more aligned with common networking terminology:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Routing:\u003C/strong> Routing is the process of determining the optimal path for data to travel from the source to the destination in a network. Routers use routing tables and algorithms to make decisions about how to forward data packets.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Superframe:\u003C/strong> In some networking contexts, a “superframe” could refer to a larger unit of time or data that encapsulates multiple frames. For example, in the context of wireless networks like Zigbee, a superframe is a structured time period that contains a specific sequence of active and inactive periods for efficient communication.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Routing Protocol:\u003C/strong> A routing protocol is a set of rules and conventions used by routers to communicate and exchange information about network topology. Common routing protocols include OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), and RIP (Routing Information Protocol).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Route:\u003C/strong> A route is a specific path that data takes through a network from source to destination. Routing involves determining and maintaining these routes.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Routing Table:\u003C/strong> A routing table is a data structure used by routers to store information about routes, including destination addresses, next-hop routers, and interface information.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Static Routing:\u003C/strong> In static routing, administrators manually configure the routing table on routers. Routes do not change automatically in response to network changes.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Dynamic Routing:\u003C/strong> Dynamic routing protocols allow routers to exchange information and adapt to network changes automatically. Examples include EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Routing Metrics:\u003C/strong> Routing metrics are values used by routers to make decisions about the best path to forward data. Metrics can include factors like bandwidth, latency, and hop count.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>If you have a specific context or technology in mind, please provide more details, and I’d be happy to provide information relevant to that context.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What are the four types of linear induction synchronizers?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The term “linear induction synchronizers” doesn’t appear to be a widely recognized term or concept in the context of technology or engineering. It’s possible there might be some confusion or a misunderstanding of terminology.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>If you are referring to linear induction motors or similar concepts, here are a few relevant terms that might be closer to what you’re looking for:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Linear Induction Motor (LIM):\u003C/strong> A linear induction motor is a type of motor that produces motion in a linear direction, as opposed to the rotational motion of traditional motors. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where alternating current (AC) in the primary winding induces currents in the secondary conductor, creating a magnetic field that propels the conductor along a track.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM):\u003C/strong> A linear synchronous motor is another type of linear motor that operates based on electromagnetic principles. Unlike a linear induction motor, an LSM operates synchronously with the AC power supply frequency. It requires position feedback to maintain synchronization between the stator and the moving part.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Maglev (Magnetic Levitation) Systems:\u003C/strong> Maglev systems use magnetic fields to levitate and propel vehicles, typically trains, along a guideway. These systems often utilize linear induction or linear synchronous motor principles to achieve propulsion without direct physical contact with the track.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Linear Induction Generator (LIG):\u003C/strong> A linear induction generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy using the principles of electromagnetic induction. It’s the reverse of a linear induction motor: instead of applying a current to induce motion, motion is applied to induce a current.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>It’s worth noting that the terminology can vary depending on the specific field or industry you’re referring to, so providing additional context could help clarify the concept you’re asking about. If you have a specific context in mind, please provide more details, and I’d be happy to assist further.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the node method?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The “node method” is a technique used in electrical circuit analysis to solve for unknown voltages in a circuit. It’s also known as the “node-voltage method” or “modified nodal analysis.” The node method is particularly useful for analyzing circuits with multiple interconnected nodes (points where three or more circuit elements meet).\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In the node method, the circuit is divided into nodes, which are points where the current can branch out. Each node is assigned a unique label or name. The basic steps of the node method are as follows:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Choose a Reference Node:\u003C/strong> One node is selected as the reference node (usually the one with the most connections). The voltage at the reference node is usually taken as zero (ground).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Assign Node Voltages:\u003C/strong> Assign a variable (voltage) to each of the other nodes. These variables are often represented as “V1,” “V2,” and so on.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Apply Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):\u003C/strong> At each non-reference node, apply KCL to write an equation that relates the currents entering and leaving the node. These equations are based on Ohm’s law and the relationships between voltage, current, and resistance (or impedance).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Write Equations:\u003C/strong> Write equations for each non-reference node using KCL. These equations will be in terms of the assigned node voltages.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Use Ohm’s Law:\u003C/strong> Substitute the node voltages into the KCL equations using Ohm’s law to represent currents in terms of node voltages.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Solve Simultaneous Equations:\u003C/strong> The resulting equations form a system of simultaneous equations. Solve this system of equations to find the node voltages.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Calculate Other Parameters:\u003C/strong> Once the node voltages are known, you can use them to calculate other circuit parameters such as currents, power, and voltage drops across components.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The node method is especially useful for analyzing complex circuits with multiple voltage sources, dependent sources, and resistors. It’s a systematic way of solving circuit problems and obtaining voltage values at various nodes within the circuit.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>It’s important to note that while the node method is powerful, it might require solving a system of equations, which can be time-consuming for larger circuits. In such cases, computer-based circuit analysis tools can be used to automate the process.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the rater?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Also known as “magnification Resistors.”A Resistors used to increase the meter range in voltage measurement.Used in series with the voltmeter, the measured voltage value should be equal to the voltmeter reading multiplied by a multiple.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What level of coordination should be noted for the application of non-open RFID systems?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>In the context of non-open RFID systems, coordination is crucial to ensure the proper functioning and integration of the RFID technology within a specific application or environment. Non-open RFID systems typically refer to proprietary or closed systems that are developed and maintained by specific vendors or organizations. The level of coordination required for the application of non-open RFID systems depends on several factors:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Interoperability:\u003C/strong> If you are using non-open RFID systems from different vendors or sources, coordination is essential to ensure that these systems can work together seamlessly. This might involve coordinating protocols, data formats, communication frequencies, and software interfaces.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>System Integration:\u003C/strong> Integrating RFID systems with existing infrastructure and software requires coordination to ensure compatibility and minimal disruption to existing processes. This might involve coordinating with IT departments and system administrators.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Hardware and Software Compatibility:\u003C/strong> Coordination is needed to ensure that the hardware components (RFID readers, tags, antennas) and software applications used in the non-open RFID system are compatible with each other and meet the specific requirements of the application.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Security:\u003C/strong> Non-open RFID systems often involve proprietary security protocols. Coordinating security measures, such as encryption, authentication, and access control, is critical to protecting sensitive data and preventing unauthorized access.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Vendor Support:\u003C/strong> Since non-open RFID systems are often vendor-specific, coordination with the vendor is important for installation, configuration, troubleshooting, and ongoing support.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Deployment Strategy:\u003C/strong> Coordinating the deployment strategy involves planning the physical installation of RFID readers, antennas, and tags to optimize performance and coverage.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Testing and Validation:\u003C/strong> Comprehensive testing and validation should be coordinated to ensure that the non-open RFID system meets the desired performance, accuracy, and reliability standards.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Training:\u003C/strong> Training personnel on how to use and maintain the non-open RFID system effectively requires coordination to ensure that everyone involved understands its capabilities and operation.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Regulatory Compliance:\u003C/strong> Coordination with regulatory authorities, if applicable, is essential to ensure that the non-open RFID system complies with relevant standards and regulations.\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Data Management:\u003C/strong> Coordination of data management processes, including data collection, storage, analysis, and sharing, is crucial to derive insights and value from the RFID system.\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Overall, the level of coordination required for the application of non-open RFID systems is comprehensive and involves various aspects of technology integration, system design, deployment, and maintenance. Collaboration between relevant stakeholders, including vendors, IT personnel, end-users, and management, is key to a successful implementation.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>What is the capacitance of the capacitor?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The capacitance of a capacitor is a measure of its ability to store electrical charge when a voltage difference (potential difference) exists between its two plates. It’s a fundamental property of a capacitor and is represented by the symbol “C.” Capacitance is measured in units called farads (F), named after the physicist Michael Faraday.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Mathematically, the capacitance of a capacitor is defined as the ratio of the magnitude of the stored charge (Q) on one of its plates to the potential difference (V) across the plates:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cem>C\u003C/em>=\u003Cem>Q/V\u003C/em>​​\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Where:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cem>C\u003C/em> represents the capacitance in farads (F).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cem>Q\u003C/em> represents the charge stored on one of the plates in coulombs (C).\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cem>V\u003C/em> represents the potential difference between the plates in volts (V).\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>The larger the capacitance value, the more charge a capacitor can store for a given potential difference. Capacitance is a property that depends on the physical characteristics of the capacitor, such as the area of the plates, the distance between them (dielectric thickness), and the properties of the dielectric material between the plates.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Common units for capacitance include:\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>Microfarad (μF) = 10−610−6 farads\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>Nanofarad (nF) = 10−910−9 farads\u003C/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cli>Picofarad (pF) = 10−1210−12 farads\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>Capacitors are used in various electronic circuits for energy storage, filtering, timing, and signal coupling. They play a crucial role in many electronic devices and systems.\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Briefly describe the level of signaling control?\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003Cp>No Signaling: In this most basic case, the node has no information about the neighbor nodes.The node will decide to send the packet without knowing if the neighbor node exists.Full signaling: Under full signaling, the node not only periodically transmits beacons to discover neighbor nodes, but also exchanges information with neighbor nodes about which data packets or encoded data packets are stored locally, that is, the sequence of data packets.Number or encoding vector of the encoded packet.\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","Electronic","uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-650x303.jpg",1776793310000,"20db6653d7e85fded62",0,"Admin","2028706543895019522","b787742f3ebc612c588","ten-daily-electronic-common-sense-section-170",143,1,"/uploads/2023/05/QQ图片20230524163208-650x303.jpg","Apr 22, 2026",[23,33,42,50,60,69],{"id":24,"title":25,"summary":26,"content":27,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":29,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":30,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":32,"siteId":15},"c047d1a580d380475ed","What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications?","What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">What are the development tools for supporting 2802x-based applications?\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">● CodeComposerStudi0 integrated development environment IDE – c / c compiler A code generation tool An assembler / linker One cycle accurate simulator \u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">● Application algorithm · \u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">",null,238,"2026-04-22 01:44:14","2026-04-22 14:58:27","what-are-the-development-tools-for-supporting-2802x-based-applications",{"id":34,"title":35,"summary":36,"content":37,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":38,"views":39,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":40,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":41,"siteId":15},"6d16643f4061eb43174","What is the thermocouple sensor made of?","What is the thermocouple sensor made of? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">What is the thermocouple sensor made of?\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: trebuchet-ms;\">A thermocouple sensor is a thermal sensor that uses thermoelectric phenomena.\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003C/span>\u003C/p>","sensor",229,"2026-04-22 01:43:58","what-is-the-thermocouple-sensor-made-of",{"id":43,"title":44,"summary":45,"content":46,"cover":28,"cateId":12,"tags":47,"views":48,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":40,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":49,"siteId":15},"61750966158705a45ac","What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes?","What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes? Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva; font-size: 12pt;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">*\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080;\">Question\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">What is the goal of software design for terminal nodes?\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cspan style=\"color: #c70a0a;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">*\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"color: #808080; font-size: 12pt;\"> Answer\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"1136\">Data acquisition of analog input and digital input through C language, that is, collecting parameters from electrical equipment in power grid and substation, and classifying data to master the operation status of the substation and the status of electrical equipment in the station;The command, the jump switch, to achieve the purpose of monitoring and control.\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: inherit;\">\u003Cbr />\r\n\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","design,terminal",224,"what-is-the-goal-of-software-design-for-terminal-nodes",{"id":51,"title":52,"summary":53,"content":54,"cover":55,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":56,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":57,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":58,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":59,"siteId":15},"a39a5d8553e41a5005a","Template Analysis Method For EMC Problems","Template Analysis Method For EMC Problems Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Ctable>\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"198\">\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_5001\" style=\"width: 265px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5001\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5001\" src=\"uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"255\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg 400w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-250x140.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-150x84.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-5001\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The form of electromagnetic interference\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"425\">\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_5004\" style=\"width: 376px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5004\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-5004\" src=\"uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x182.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"366\" height=\"166\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x182.jpg 400w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-250x114.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference-150x68.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/10/The-main-form-of-electromagnetic-interference.jpg 562w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 366px) 100vw, 366px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-5004\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The main form of electromagnetic interference\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The electromagnetic interference problem is a key issue in any hardware design field. It is especially important to understand the initial dry electromagnetic interference problem to solve this problem.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>The electromagnetic interference model has three basic elements:\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Col>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is electromagnetic interference energy.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is a device that is subject to electromagnetic interference.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">There is a coupling channel to transmit electromagnetic energy between the interfered and interfered devices.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ol>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Electromagnetic interference only occurs when these three basic elements are met at the same time. EMC engineers should determine the EMC design content and design direction based on the physical structure.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The EMC analysis template is determined by the electrical length of the structure. Converting the physical dimensions of the device structure to electrical length is the starting point for design and problem finding. The combination and connection of templates constitute a model for analyzing electromagnetic compatibility problems. The template analysis method is to select the appropriate template and electromagnetic logic connection according to the actual problem and structure to form a dynamic process of complete electromagnetic interference phenomenon.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The EMC design of printed circuit boards is the cheapest and most effective way to eliminate the main sources of RF interference. When the interference source on the printed circuit board and the victim device exist in the same small space, the engineer must control the electromagnetic energy generated. This means that electromagnetic energy is only present at the required assembly parts. This is the method of removing EMC problems, electromagnetic suppression or electromagnetic cancellation.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/10/Forms-of-electromagnetic-interference-400x224.jpg",498,"2026-04-22 01:43:54","2026-04-22 14:58:28","template-analysis-method-for-emc-problems",{"id":61,"title":62,"summary":63,"content":64,"cover":65,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":66,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":67,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":58,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":68,"siteId":15},"86325bcdfe62f25cc0b","Judgment Method of Three Types of Amplifiers","Judgment Method of Three Types of Amplifiers Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Triode based audio and electronic amplifiers are very commonly found in many walks of life. Although, the transistor based amplifiers created the danger of obsolescence of tube amplifiers, the tube amplifiers have succeeded in maintaining a cult following amongst the audiophiles. The main reason behind this is the warm and crunchy sound response of tube amplifiers.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The main component in tube amplifiers is the triode. Triode is essentially an amplifying vacuum tube which consists of three electrodes inside a glass casing. The electrodes are known as anode, cathode, and grid respectively. Triodes were widely used in all types of electronic circuits until they got replaced by transistors. [\u003Ca href=\"#Lee19\">1\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">According to the electronic circuit configuration, there are three main types of amplifiers. These types include common emitter, common collector, and common base amplifiers. Following sub-sections provide an ample discussion on these amplifier types.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_69_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\r\n\u003Cdiv class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\r\n\u003Cp class=\"ez-toc-title \" >Table of Contents\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\">\u003Ca href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\">\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\">\u003Cspan class=\"\">\u003Cspan class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\">\u003Csvg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\">\u003Cpath d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\">\u003C/path>\u003C/svg>\u003Csvg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\">\u003Cpath d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"/>\u003C/svg>\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cnav>\u003Cul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' >\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"#Common_Emitter_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Emitter Amplifier\">Common Emitter Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"#Common_Collector_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Collector Amplifier\">Common Collector Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"#Common_Base_Amplifier\" title=\"Common Base Amplifier\">Common Base Amplifier\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003Cli class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'>\u003Ca class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"#Works_Cited\" title=\"Works Cited\">Works Cited\u003C/a>\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003C/nav>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Emitter_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Emitter Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common emitter amplifiers are the most widely used type of amplifiers. Common emitter amplifiers can be identified easily by the grounded emitter terminal. Like all other amplifiers, the CE amplifier also operates on an AC input. The common emitter amplifier is a single-stage amplifier which uses a BJT transistor or a triode as an amplifying element. The circuit of common emitter amplifier is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4685\" style=\"width: 670px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4685\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4685\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg 387w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit-250x194.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit-150x116.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4685\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 1: Common Emitter Amplifier Circuit\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage divider circuit which is used for biasing the transistor. The resistor R\u003Csub>E \u003C/sub>provides thermal stability to the amplifier. A coupling capacitor is present on the input side of the transistor which filters out DC component from the signal. [\u003Ca href=\"#Tar19\">2\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Major advantages of common emitter amplifier include low input impedance, high output impedance, high power gain, low noise, and high current gain. Main disadvantages of common emitter amplifier include unsuitability for high frequencies, unstable voltage gain, high thermal instability, and high output resistance. The CE amplifiers find their applications in low frequency voltage amplifiers, RF circuits, and low noise amplifiers. [\u003Ca href=\"#Tar19\">2\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Collector_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Collector Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The common collector amplifier can be identified from the grounded collector terminal of the triode or the transistor. The common collector amplifiers are mostly used as buffers in multi-stage amplifier circuits. The CC amplifier circuit is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4686\" style=\"width: 633px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4686\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4686\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"623\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit.jpg 329w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit-250x204.jpg 250w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-2-Common-Collector-Amplifier-or-Emitter-Follower-Circuit-150x123.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 623px) 100vw, 623px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4686\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 2 Common Collector Amplifier or Emitter Follower Circuit\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\"> \u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-collector-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-collector-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The input signal is introduced via the base of the triode whereas the output is taken from the emitter terminal. The main advantages of CC amplifier include high current gain, high input resistance, and low output resistance. The disadvantages of CC amplifier include low voltage gain. The CC amplifiers find their applications as impedance matching amplifiers, isolation amplifiers, and buffer amplifiers in cascade or multi-stage amplifier systems. [\u003Ca href=\"#Dav19\">3\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Base_Amplifier\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Common Base Amplifier\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The common base amplifier configuration is not as widely used as the CE and CC amplifiers. They are mostly used in high frequency circuits. In a common base amplifier the base terminal of the triode is connected to the ground, the input signal is applied to the emitter, and the output is taken from the collector terminal. The circuit diagram of the CB amplifier is given as following:\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4687\" style=\"width: 688px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4687\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4687\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"678\" height=\"835\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor.png 194w, uploads/2019/09/Figure-3-Common-Base-Amplifier-using-an-NPN-Transistor-150x185.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 678px) 100vw, 678px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4687\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Figure 3 Common Base Amplifier using an NPN Transistor\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Ca href=\"https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/common-base-amplifier.html\">https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/amplifier/common-base-amplifier.html\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The CB amplifiers are used in high frequency circuits where low input impedance is required. They are used in applications such as moving coil microphone pre-amplifiers, UHF, VHF, and RF amplifiers. The advantages of CB amplifier include decent voltage gain and current buffering capability. The disadvantages include need for dual power supply, low input impedance, low current gain, and high output impedance. [\u003Ca href=\"#www19\">4\u003C/a>]\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Works_Cited\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Works Cited\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"ez-toc-section-end\">\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Ctable width=\"630\">\r\n\u003Ctbody>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[1]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Lee Forest. (2019, August) www.allaboutcircuits.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-13/the-triode/\">https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/semiconductors/chpt-13/the-triode/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[2]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Tarun Agarwal. (2019, June) www.elprocus.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\">https://www.elprocus.com/common-emitter-amplifier-circuit-working/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[3]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Dave Moldenhauer. (2019, March) www.watelectrical.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.watelectrical.com/working-and-applications-of-common-collector-amplifier/\">https://www.watelectrical.com/working-and-applications-of-common-collector-amplifier/\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003Ctr>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"18\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">[4]\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003Ctd width=\"606\">\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">(2019, August) www.electronics-notes.com. [Online]. \u003Ca href=\"https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/transistor/transistor-common-base-circuit.php\">https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/analogue_circuits/transistor/transistor-common-base-circuit.php\u003C/a>\u003C/span>\u003C/td>\r\n\u003C/tr>\r\n\u003C/tbody>\r\n\u003C/table>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/09/Figure-1-Common-Emitter-Amplifier-Circuit.jpg",56,"2026-04-22 01:43:51","judgment-method-of-three-types-of-amplifiers",{"id":70,"title":71,"summary":72,"content":73,"cover":74,"cateId":12,"tags":28,"views":75,"isTop":13,"status":19,"createBy":28,"createTime":67,"updateBy":28,"updateTime":31,"institutionId":28,"isPage":13,"images":28,"horizontalCover":28,"verticalCover":28,"slug":76,"siteId":15},"4e90914c43b2a6a4366","Precautions for using MOS (Metal-Oxide-Silicon transistor) tubes","Precautions for using MOS (Metal-Oxide-Silicon transistor) tubes Looking for capacitors online purchase? is a reliable marketplace to buy and learn about capacitors. Come with us for amazing deals & information.","\u003Cdiv id=\"attachment_4675\" style=\"width: 388px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\u003Cimg fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" fetchpriority=\"high\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4675\" fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-4675\" src=\"uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"378\" srcset=\"uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg 225w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-150x150.jpg 150w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-24x24.jpg 24w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-48x48.jpg 48w, uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube-96x96.jpg 96w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 378px) 100vw, 378px\" />\u003Cp id=\"caption-attachment-4675\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u003C/span> \u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS tube\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003C/div>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">A MOS transistor (also known as metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) is electrically conductive by a majority of carriers’ and it is a voltage controlled electrical device. It is also called a unipolar transistor. It has three main terminals; Gate (G), Drain (D) and Source (S). The Gate voltage determines the conductivity of the device and with change of applied voltage; the MOS transistor can be used for amplifying or switching electronic signals. Its characteristics are; high input resistance (10^7~10^12Ω), low noise, low power consumption, large dynamic range, easy integration, no secondary breakdown, wide safe working area, source and drain can be interchanged, it is voltage controlled device and conduction takes place through majority carriers (n-channel: electrons and p-channel: holes).\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">All MOS integrated circuits (including P-channel MOS, N-channel MOS, complementary MOS-CMOS integrated circuits) have an insulated gate to prevent voltage breakdown. Generally, the thickness of insulating Gate oxide layer of MOS transistor is 5 – 200 nm (about 25 nm, 50 nm, and 80 nm). In addition to the high-impedance gate of the integrated circuit, there is a resistor-diode network for protection. However, MOS devices are sensitive to voltage spikes and static electricity discharges and this can cause difficulties when we have to replace MOS devices especially complementary-symmetry metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Therefore, the protection network inside the device is not enough to avoid electrostatic damage (ESD) to the device. To minimize chances of damaging MOS devices during handling, special procedures have been developed to protect them from static shock. ICs are generally shipped and stored in special conductive-plastic tubes or trays. MOS devices safety is ensured by inserting ICs leas into aluminium foil or antistatic (conductive) foam – not Styrofoam. PC boards containing static sensitive devices are normally shipped in special antistatic bags, which are good for storing ICs and other computer components that could be damaged by ESD.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Experiments indicate that MOS device will fail during high-voltage discharge. The device may also fail for accumulation of multiple lower voltage discharges. According to the severity of the damage, there are many forms of electrostatic damage. The most serious and most likely to occur is the complete destruction of the input or output so as to be short-circuited or open to the power supply terminal VDD, and MOS device completely loses its original function. A little bit of serious damage is intermittent failure or degradation of performance, which is even more difficult to detect. There is also some electrostatic damage that can cause the device performance to deteriorate due to increased leakage current.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>MOS tube definition\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS tube is a MOS transistor or a metal-insulator-semiconductor. The source (S) and drain (D) of MOS tube can be reversed. They are all N-type regions formed in the P-type backgate. And in most cases, the two zones are same even if two ends are reversed. And it will not affect performance of the device. Such devices are considered to be symmetrical. MOS tube is a voltage-driven high-current type device, which is widely used in circuits, especially power systems. MOS tubes have some characteristics that should be paid special attention in practical applications.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">MOS devices have body diodes formed by pn junction between source (S) and drain (D), and also known as parasitic diodes or an internal diode, are found in a single MOS device between the drain and the source. They are not used in integrated circuit lithography (standard method of printed circuit board (PCB), and microprocessor fabrication). This diode can provide reverse protection and freewheeling during high current drive and inductive loads. The forward voltage drop is about 0.7~1V. Because of this diode, the MOS device can’t simply see the function of a switch in the circuit. For example, in the charging circuit, after the charging is completed, the battery will reverse when the supply power is removed; this is usually the result we do not want to see. The general solution is to add a diode to prevent reverse power supply. This can be done, but the characteristics of the diode must have a forward voltage of 0.6~1V. Down, in the case of high currents, the heat is severe, and at the same time, the energy is wasted, and the energy efficiency of the whole machine is low. Another method is to add a back-to-back MOS tube and use the low on-resistance of the MOS tube to achieve energy saving. Another common application of this characteristic is low-voltage synchronous rectification. In practice, the body diode is a result of manufacturing process, and it is in between the source and drain and on an n-channel device, if the drains fall below voltage on the source, current will flow from source to drain.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>Precautions\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">After the MOS tube is turned on, it has no directionality and in this state of operation, it behaves like a wire. It has a resistance characteristic only and there is no conduction voltage drop in this case. Usually, the saturation level on resistance is several to several tens of milliohms (mΩ). MOS tube is also non-directional therefore allowing both DC and AC currents to pass through.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Ch1>\u003Cspan style=\"font-size: 14pt; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">\u003Cstrong>Precautions for using MOS tubes\u003C/strong>\u003C/span>\u003C/h1>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In order to safely use the MOS tube, the limit value of the dissipated power of the tube, the maximum drain-source voltage, the maximum gate-source voltage, and the maximum current set values cannot be exceeded in the manufacturing design.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When using various types of MOS tubes, they must be connected to the circuit in strict accordance with the required bias, and the polarity of the MOS tube bias should be observed. For example, the junction between the source and drain of the junction MOS transistor is a PN junction, the gate of the N-channel transistor can be positively biased; the gate of the P-channel transistor can be negatively biased.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">Since the input impedance of the MOS tube is extremely high, the lead pin must be short-circuited during transportation and storage, and the metal shield package should be used to prevent the external induced potential from penetrating the gate. In particular, it is important to note that the MOS tube cannot be placed in a plastic box. It should be placed in a metal box e.g aluminium foil when it is stored, and the tube should be protected from moisture.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In order to prevent the gate breakdown of the MOS tube, all test instruments, worktables, soldering irons, and the circuit itself must be well grounded; when the pins are soldered, the source is soldered first; before being connected to the circuit, All the lead ends of MOS tube are kept short-circuited with each other, and the short-circuit material is removed after soldering; when removing MOS tube from the component holder, the grounding of the human body should be adhered to. The advanced gas-fired electric soldering iron is convenient for soldering MOS tubes and ensures safety. When the power is not turned off, it is absolutely impossible to insert or remove the tubes from the circuit. The above safety measures must be taken care of when using MOS tubes.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When installing the MOS tube, pay attention to the location of the installation to avoid heating elements; to prevent the vibration of MOS tube, it is necessary to fasten MOS tube; when the lead is bent, it should be larger than the root size of 5 mm. Therefore it is important to prevent bending of the pins and causing air leaks.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When using a VMOS tube, a suitable heat sink must be added. Taking VNF306 as an example, the maximum power can reach 30W after it is equipped with a 140×140×4 (mm) heat sink.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">After the multiple MOS tubes are connected in parallel, the high-frequency characteristics of the amplifier are deteriorated due to the corresponding increase in the inter-electrode capacitance and the distributed capacitance and high-frequency parasitic oscillation of the amplifier is easily caused by the feedback. For this reason, the parallel composite MOS tubes generally do not exceed four, and the anti-parasitic oscillation resistors are connected in series to the base or the gate of each tube.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">The gate-source voltage of the junction MOS transistor cannot be reversed and can be saved in the open state. When the insulated gate MOS transistor is not used, the electrodes must be short-circuited since its input resistance is very high, so as to avoid an external electric field. The MOS tube is damaged by such action.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When soldering, the soldering iron shell must be equipped with an external grounding wire to prevent damage to MOS tube due to electrification of the soldering iron. For a small amount of soldering, you can also solder the soldering iron after removing the plug or cutting off the power. Especially when soldering insulated gate MOS transistors, they should be soldered in the order of source-drain-gate, and the power should be cut off.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cul>\r\n\u003Cli>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When soldering with 25W soldering iron, it should be fast. If soldering with 45~75W soldering iron, use the tweezers to clamp the root of the pin to help dissipate heat. The junction MOS tube can qualitatively check the quality of the MOS tube by using the table resistance file (check the resistance between the forward and reverse resistance of each PN junction and the drain source), and the insulated gate field effect tube cannot be inspected with a multimeter, and the tester must be used. Moreover, the short-circuit line of each electrode can be removed after the tester is connected. When it is removed, it should be short-circuited and then removed. The key is to avoid the gate hanging.\u003C/span>\u003C/li>\r\n\u003C/ul>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">When input impedance is a factor to consider during design process, it is necessary to take moisture-proof measures to avoid lowering the input resistance of the MOS tube due to temperature influence. If a four-lead MOS transistor is used, its substrate leads should be grounded. The ceramic packaged of the MOS tube has photosensitive properties and should be protected from light.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">For power MOS tubes, there must be good heat dissipation conditions. Because the power MOS tube is used under high load conditions, it is necessary to design a sufficient heat sink to ensure that the temperature of MOS tube casing does not exceed the rated value, so that the MOS device can work stably and reliably for a long time.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003Cp>\u003Cspan style=\"font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Geneva;\">In short, to ensure use of MOS tubes safely, there are many precautions to be adhered to, and the safety measures adopted are various. The vast number of professional and technical personnel required, especially the vast number of electronic enthusiasts, must proceed according to their actual conditions. Take practical measures to use MOS tubes safely and effectively.\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\r\n\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">\u003C/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003C!-- clear for photos floats -->\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003Cdiv class=\"clear\">","uploads/2019/09/MOS-tube.jpg",146,"precautions-for-using-mos-metal-oxide-silicon-transistor-tubes",1776841310030]