If your RTC clock isn’t giving you same results each time you use it, then there is a possibility of irregular delays or timeouts in the circuit. In a very warm working environment, RTC clocks have sporadic delays or timeouts. RTC circuit designing is simple, but it is very difficult to ensure the following while designing it:

• Accuracy of the RTC clock
• Quickly locate and detect the actual cause of delays or timeouts

Let’s take a situation where RTC clock is showing unexpected results because of irregular delays and/or timeouts and how NXP’s PCF8563 RTC chip provides a solution to this issue.

We will do a step-by-step analysis of the situation:

1. The industrial control board for the RTC clock uses NXP’s PCF8563 RTC chip solution.
   Its output accuracy depends on whether the clock frequency of the external quartz crystal output is accurate.
   The output frequency of the quartz crystal itself has a certain error. At a normal temperature of 25°C, the frequency error is ±20 ppm, and the average error is up to 5 minutes/year. As time increases, slow changes in crystal circuit components can cause long-term frequency drift. Also, when the external temperature is extreme, the clock oscillation circuit may behave abnormally, affecting the normal timing of the RTC. The solution to this problem is an external 32.768kHz quartz crystal and capacitor.
2. The power supply battery of the industrial control board RTC chip selects the lithium manganese dioxide battery of model CR2032.
   The theoretical operating temperature range of the battery is -30°C ~ 60° Similar to other lithium batteries, if the external temperature is extreme, it will change the internal chemical reaction. This may cause a decrease in battery life or a risk of voltage abnormality, thus affecting the normal operation of the RTC circuit.
   

   PCF8563 Circuit Diagram

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